--las-version

V

The LAS format version to output. The value must be one of 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.4.

The default value is 1.4.

FALSE

--point-record-format

A number specifying the point record format to use.

The value must be one of 1 through 10. By default, the point format that best suits the data will be will be selected.If set, this option will override the default behaviour and use the specified point record.

FALSE

--include-band

b

The names of the input bands to be mapped to LAS bands and flags in the LAS output.

<InputName[:Flag]> - A string specifying the name of the input band to copy to the output. A flag name may be specified to map an individual flag in the band to an LAS band. Note: ":" and "\" in band and flag names must be escaped with a "\".

<OutputName> - A string specifying the name of the output LAS band to include in the output. Possible names include:

• ELEVATION: The Z value of the points.

• INTENSITY: The intensity value is the integer representation of the pulse return magnitude.

• RETURN_NUMBER: The return number is the pulse return for a given output pulse.

• NUMBER_RETURNS: The number of returns is the total number of returns for a given pulse.

• SCAN_DIRECTION_FLAG: The scan direction flag denotes the direction at which the scanner mirror was travelling at the time of the output pulse. A bit value of 1 is a positive scan direction, and a bit value of 0 is a negative scan direction.

• EDGE_FLIGHT_LINE: The edge of flight line data bit has a value of 1 only when the point is at the end of a scan. It is the last point on a given scan line before it changes direction.

• CLASSIFICATION: This field represents the "class" attributes of a point. If a point has never been classified, this byte must be set to zero.

• SCAN_ANGLE: The Scan Angle is a signed short that represents the rotational position of the emitted laser pulse with respect to the vertical of the coordinate system of the data. The 0.0 position is found in the data coordinate reference system. Each increment represents 0.006 degrees. Counter-clockwise rotation, as viewed from the rear of the sensor, facing in the along-track (positive trajectory) direction, is positive.

• SCANNER_CHANNEL: Scanner channel is used to indicate the channel (scanner head) of a multi-channel system. Channel 0 is used for single scanner systems. Up to four channels are supported (0-3).

• USER_DATA: This field may be used at the user's discretion.

• POINT_SOURCE_ID: This value indicates the file from which this point originated. The last 5 characters of the CPF filename are exported as the point source ID, if the point source ID is not otherwise specified and if the last 5 characters in the CPF filename represent a number. Otherwise they are exported as 0.

• GPS_TIME: The GPS time is the double floating point time tag value at which the point was acquired.

• SYNTHETIC: If set, then this point was created by a technique other than LIDAR collection such as digitized from a photogrammetric stereo model or by traversing a waveform.

• KEY_POINT: If set, this point is considered to be a model key-point and thus generally should not be withheld in a thinning algorithm.

• WITHHELD: If set, this point should not be included in processing (synonymous with Deleted).

• OVERLAP: If set, this point is within the overlap region of two or more swaths or takes.

• COLOUR: The red, blue, green image channel values associated with the point.

• NEAR_INFRARED: The near infrared channel associated with the point.

Overlap and near infrared fields are only available in version 1.4.

TRUE

--coordinate-precision

A number specifying the decimal precision of the coordinates in the output.

The default value is 3.

FALSE

--elevation-precision

A number specifying the decimal precision of the elevation in the output.

The default value is 3.

FALSE

--pulse-reflection-suppression-factor

The amount of pulse reflection suppression to be applied.

Higher values may suppress too much, resulting in flat-lining at the location of the reflection pulse. A lower value may not completely remove the reflection pulse. An optimal factor has to be determined for each system.

The default value is 0, which means to perform no pulse reflection suppression.

FALSE

--waveform

If set, the waveforms for each point will be exported to the Waveform Data Packets (WDP) file with the same location and name of the exported LAS file.

Exporting waveforms requires that anchor points be present in the data and it requires each subsequent point in the same channel to be valid in order to calculate the parametric XYZ values. If these criteria are not met, the waveform data is not included with the export.

Note: Rejected points are not included when exporting waveform data. This means that the point count in the LAS file will differ from the point count in the input CZMIL data, affecting the mapping index of the points. For this reason, neither the Include Rejected nor the Include Mapping Index options can be used if this option is enabled.

FALSE

--channel

If set, only the specified channel will be exported to the LAS file. The following channels can be specified:

• 1: Shallow 1

• 2: Shallow 2

• 3: Shallow 3

• 4: Shallow 4

• 5: Shallow 5

• 6: Shallow 6

• 7: Shallow 7

• 8: Infrared

• 9: Deep

If not set, all channels are exported to the LAS file.

TRUE

--include-rejected

If set, all data, including data with a Rejected status will be exported to the LAS file.

If not set, all data with a Rejected status will be ignored in the export and not stored in the LAS file.

FALSE

--use-gps-week-time

Use GPS Week Time when storing time.

The default is to use Adjusted Standard GPS Time.

FALSE

--override-classification-file

C

The path to a file with classification identifiers and names.

This option is used to export LAS data using a custom set of classifications rather than the default classifications defined in the specifications for the LAS version.

The classification file must be in a text file format, such as TXT or CSV, and contain two columns, one for the classification ID number and one for the name of the classification. The two columns must be separated by a comma, or one or more spaces. If the data being imported contains an ID that is not present in the mapping file, the default classification for the LAS version will be used for that ID.

Two mappings cannot be specified for the same classification ID number.

If an override classification file and override classification mappings are both specified, only the mappings are applied.

FALSE

--override-classification-mapping

M

A classification mapping for a single value that overrides the mapping defined in the LAS standard.

<Number> - A number specifying the value that is to have its meaning overridden.

<Name> - The name to associate with this value.

This option is used to import LAS data using a custom set of classifications rather than the default classifications defined in the specifications for the LAS version.

Two mappings cannot be specified for the same classification ID number.

If an override classification file and override classification mappings are both specified, only the mappings are applied.

TRUE

--output-crs

c

<ReferenceKey>

A string specifying the horizontal coordinate reference system key of the output.

For time-dependent coordinate reference systems, the epoch can be specified, typically using the year as <crs_id>@1997. A fractional year can also be specified, such as <crs_id>@1997.3, if needed. If no epoch is specified, the reference epoch of the coordinate reference system is used.

FALSE

--include-mapping-index

If set, a unique value is exported with each point for later use as a mapping index in the Update CZMIL from LAS process. This value is used to identify points in the LAS data that correspond to points in a CZMIL survey file. See Update CZMIL from LAS for more information.

FALSE

--include-circular-scan-angle

If set, the corrected CZMIL circular scan angle is exported to LAS.

This is exported as extra bytes in a field called Circular Scan Angle. This is calculated as raw_scan_angle + prism_yaw_angle

FALSE

--include-approximate-scan-angle

If set, the approximate scan angle across track of the CZMIL scanner is exported to LAS.

This is calculated as 20 * the sine of the circular scan angle. If the LAS point data format is six or higher, it is stored in the Scan Angle field; otherwise, it is stored in the Scan Angle Rank field.

FALSE

--include-scan-angle-direction

If set, the scan angle direction is exported to LAS. This will populate the Scan Direction Flag in the resulting LAS data as either a 1 or a 0:

• 1 = cosine(corrected_scan_angle) > 0

• 0 = cosine(corrected_scan_angle) < 0

The corrected scan angle is calculated as
raw_scan_angle + prism_yaw
where prism_yaw is stored as one of the elements in the .lcp file located in the Lidar folder.

FALSE

--clamped-return-number

If set, the value that will be used for Return Numbers instead of the recorded numbers. This may be required if the number of returns in the CPF files is larger than what is supported by the LAS version. CPF files support up to 31 returns. LAS 1.4 supports up to 15 returns. When specifying the value to use:

• If the LAS point type is less than 6, the number for returns must be between 1 and 5 inclusive.

• If the LAS point type is greater than or equal to 6, the number for returns must be between 1 and 15 inclusive.

The number that is specified will indicate which return value will be duplicated when the return number is greater than the value supported by the LAS version. All returns after the duplicated number will be mapped to other return values to fit within the supported number of returns. For example, if the CPF file contains return numbers 1 to 20 and is being exported to LAS 1.4 with a Clamped Return Number of 8, returns after 8 will be duplicated as 8 until the remaining returns fit within the limit of 15 returns, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.

If this option is not set, the largest supported value is used for the duplicate if the existing Return Number is too large (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15).

FALSE

--suppression-factor

The amount of pulse reflection suppression to be applied. Higher values may suppress too much, resulting in flat-lining at the location of the reflection pulse. A lower value may not completely remove the reflection pulse. An optimum factor has to be determined for each system.

The default value is 0.

FALSE

Objective

You need to export a CZMIL survey to LAS format.

Description

Command Line Syntax

The Elevation and Number of Returns bands will be exported along with the Withheld flag.

--include-band Elevation ELEVATION --include-band “Number of Returns” NUMBER_RETURNS --include-band LAS_Flags:Withheld WITHHELD

Waveform data will be exported with the survey data.

--waveform

Circular, approximate and angle values will be exported for scan data.

--include-circular-scan-angle --include-approximate-scan-angle --include-scan-angle-direction

The input survey is CZ07MD2022180_P_202207171448_A_04008.cpf and is found in the D:\SampleData\Surveys directory.

D:\SampleData\Surveys\CZ07MD2022180_P_202207171448_A_04008.cpf

The output LAS files will be created in the D:\SampleData\LAS directory with the same file names as the input.

D:\SampleData\LAS\CZ07MD2022180_P_202207171448_A_04008.las

Command Line

carisbatch -r ExportCZMILToLAS --include-band Elevation ELEVATION --include-band “Number of Returns” NUMBER_RETURNS --include-band LAS_Flags:Withheld WITHHELD --waveform --include-circular-scan-angle --include-approximate-scan-angle --include-scan-angle-direction D:\SampleData\Surveys\CZ07MD2022180_P_202207171448_A_04008.cpf D:\SampleData\LAS\CZ07MD2022180_P_202207171448_A_04008.las

Outcome

The CZMIL data is export to LAS files in the specified location.

Extra Notes

N/A