Line Pattern Examples

Example 1 is a dashed line.

EXAMPLE01    0 Symbolization example   01 BK N DR 03 05      13

EXAMPLE01   L0 DNX.25 (BFX.25, DNX.25)

This generates a line that begins with a dash of .25 inches (which can be normalized) and repeats the pattern consisting of:

• a blank of .25 inches fixed

• a dash of .25 inches, which can be normalized

Example 2 illustrates the placing of symbols between dashes.

EXAMPLE02    0 Symbolization example 02 BK N DR 03 05    13

EXAMPLE02   L0 DNX.2,NMF0.01(KOP,BFX.125,SYO,BFX.125,DNX.2)

This generates a line beginning with a dash .25 inches (which can be normalized), and repeating the following as a group:

• a space of 0.125 inches fixed

• a symbol

• a space of 0.125 inches fixed

• a dash of .2 inches.

Note that the KOP (symbol change OP) command defines the symbol to be used; it does not actually output a symbol. The SYO command outputs the symbol.

Example 3 is like example 2 except that the symbols are placed midway between the points.

To achieve this, the pattern for the symbol must occur after the definition of the segments on which it will be centred. The line pattern definition becomes:

EXAMPLE03  0 Symbolization example 03     BK N DR 03 05    13

EXAMPLE03 L0 DNX.125,NMF0.01(KOP,BNX.125,SYM,DNX.125)DNX.001

Example 4 uses an embankment symbol.

EXAMPLE04  0 Symbolization example 04   BK N DR 03 05 13

EXAMPLE04 L0 (KEM, BNX.05, SYM) DNX.01

The definition uses the symbol change command (KEM)) which changes the current symbol ID to EM (embankment symbol). The pattern consists of the following:

• a blank which is larger than a single symbol (BNX.05),

• an embankment symbol (SYM), and

• a short pattern specifying normalized dashes, .01 inches in length.

Example 5 is identical to example 4, except that the embankment symbol is rotated (ROT) 180 degrees which flips the symbol over.

EXAMPLE05   0 Symbolization example 05    BK N DR 03 05    3

EXAMPLE05  L0 (KEM, BNX.05, SYM/ROT180) DNX.01

Example 6 uses the AG (arc generate) command.

EXAMPLE06    0 Symbolization example 06     BK N DR 03 05   13

EXAMPLE06   L0 BNX.01, AGM360:0 (BNX.001) DNX.01

The beginning blank (BNx.01) defines the reference orientation from which the AG command draws an arc. The value 360:0 indicates a full circle; appending the letter M to the AG command means the circle will be drawn about the midpoint of the line. Because the /RAD qualifier was not used to specify a radius, the length of the line is used. A very small blank is used in the repeat pattern to insert blank space in the remainder of the line segment.

Example 7 does not include a begin pattern.

EXAMPLE07    0 Symbolization example 07    BK N DR 03 05   13

EXAMPLE07   L0 (BNX.03, DNX.08, KZPDOT020, SYO) DNX.01

The repeat pattern includes:

• a blank .03 inches in length,

• a dash .08 inches in length,

• the symbol change command (KD7)) which changes the current symbol to that with symbol ID D7 (a dot)

• a symbol placed at the end of the preceding dash (SYO).

The symbol command (SYO) not only generates a symbol but gives the direction of the pattern.

Example 8 places a symbol at each significant point.

EXAMPLE08  0 Symbolization example 08   BK N DR 03 05     13

EXAMPLE08 L0 KUTPY,PAS/OFF.02,BFX.001,SYO,

BNX.02(BNX.5,SYX)DNX.01

The definition contains a beginning pattern with the following components:

• KTW: changes the symbol ID to TW (a pylon)

• PAS/OFF.02 - outputs the unsymbolized line and offsets it by .02 inches. This crops the line at each end to make room for the pylon symbol

• BFX.001 - inserts a very small blank, necessary to place the centre of the following pylon symbol at, or as near as possible to, the beginning of the line

• SYO - places a pylon symbol

• BNX.02 - leaves a normalized blank

The repeat pattern contains the following:

• BNX.5 - inserts a normalized blank which allows for spacing between the pylon symbol and the PASsed line which is to follow

• SYX - indicates that a symbol will be placed at the end of the line only

The short pattern specifies a normalized dash .01 inches in length, which produces a solid line.

Example 9 uses rotated dashes.

EXAMPLE09    0 Symbolization example 09       BK N DR 03 05  13

EXAMPLE09   L0 PAS,BNx.02 (DNx.04/OFF.02/ROT90/BNx.02) DNx.01

The pattern definition contains a beginning pattern with the following components:

• PAS - outputs the unsymbolized line

• BNX.02 - places a blank (which can be normalized) with length .02 inches for a mirror image to be created

The repeat pattern contains:

• DNX.04/OFF.02/ROT90 - places a dash which is offset by half a dash length and rotated by 90 degrees, causing the end of the dash to be perpendicular to and just touching the passed line

• BNX.02 - a blank which serves as a spacer between successive dashes

Example 10 outputs a single line with three different patterns.

EXAMPLE10    0 Symbolization example 10     BK N DR 03 05    13

EXAMPLE10   L0 TOL0.0,:1:4,LSS:3,BNX.02(DNx.04,BNx.02 DNx.01)

The pattern definition contains a beginning pattern with the following components:

• TOL0.0 - sets the tolerance for checking significant points to 0 degrees, which causes all points on a line to be treated as significant.

• :1:4) - specifies that line segments 1 (from point 1 to point 2) and 4 (from point 4 to point 5) are to be output literally, i.e. in their unsymbolized form.

• LSS:3 - specifies that line segment 3 (from point 3 to point 4) is to be output as blank space.

The repeat pattern creates a line with dashes .04 inches in length and blanks .02 inches in length separating the dashes.

Example 11 uses a series of dots varying in size from large to small (K0D,K8D,K5D). The first dot is on the line; the second and third are shifted to the right in the direction of the line and offset from the previous. The result is a stepping effect of dots.

EXAMPLE11    0 Symbolization example 11     BK N DR 03 05      13

EXAMPLE11   L0 BNx.01(KZPDOT012,SYM,BNx.03,KZPDOT026,SYM/OFF .03,

EXAMPLE11   L1 BNx.03,KZPDOT020,SYM/OFF.06,BNx.01) DNx.01

The begin pattern specifies a blank .01 inches in length which can be normalized. The repeat pattern consists of:

• KOD - changes current symbol to the one with symbol id OD (a dot)

• SYM - places the current symbol (dot) on the line

• BNX.03 - leaves a blank .03 inches in length, which can be normalized

The remainder of the repeat pattern is similar, but with two larger dot symbols, each with an associated offset.

Example 12 uses rotated dashes to create a pattern of crosses.

EXAMPLE12    0 Symbolization example 12    BK N DR 03 05     13

EXAMPLE12   L0 BNX.03(DNX.04,DNX.04/ROT90,DNX.04,BNX.03) DNX.01

The pattern consists of:

• a beginning pattern which specifies a blank .03 inches in length, which can be normalized

• a repeat group of 3 dashes of equal length (.04 inches) with the middle dash rotated by 90 degrees (ROT90)

This gives the appearance of crosses separated by blanks.

Example 13 has no beginning pattern.

EXAMPLE13    0 Symbolization example 13   BK N DR 03 05      13

EXAMPLE13   L0 (KW176,BFx.048,SYM) DNx.01

The repeat pattern consists of:

• KW176 - changes the current symbol to that with symbol id W176 (the tilde character).

• BFx.048 - places a blank of fixed length .048 inches, which is the exact length of the tilde character; this does not allow gaps to form between successive symbols which would occur if a normalized blank was used.

• SYM - places the tilde symbol on the line

The short pattern places consecutive dashes .01 inches in length, which creates a solid line.

Example 14 generates a circle.

EXAMPLE14    0 Symbolization example 14     BK N DR 03 05   13

EXAMPLE14   L0 TOL0.0,LEX.42,DIS,LSS:2 (BFx.0004,AGM360:0

EXAMPLE14   L1 /RAD.11,BFx.31,AGO125:90/RAD.4/OFF-.4,

EXAMPLE14   L2 AGO235:270/RAD.4/OFF.4,BNx.01) DNx.01

The beginning pattern consists of:

• TOL0.0 - sets the tolerance for checking significant points to 0.0

• LEX.42 - extends each line segment by .42 inches to ensure that each segment is at least .42 inches long

• DIS - discards the unused portion of any line segment.

• LSS:2 - skips the line segment from point 2 to 3

The repeat pattern consists of:

• BFX.0004 - place a small fixed blank .0004 inches in length, used to orient the arcs which follow

• AGM 360:0/RAD.11 - generate a circle with radius .11"

• BFX.31 - place a fixed blank .31 inches in length

• AGO125:90/RAD.4/OFF-.4 - generates an arc with radius .4 inches and offset -.4 inches

• AGO235:270/RAD.4/OFF.4 - generates an arc with radius .4 inches and offset .4 inches; the arc is a mirror image of the first arc

• BNX.01 - places a blank .01 inches in length (can be normalized)

Example 15 includes:

• a beginning pattern of two dashes separated by a blank

• a repeat pattern containing a dash rotated by 90 degrees and offset by .015 inches, followed by another dash, a blank and a third dash.

This creates a series of T-shapes along the line, similar to the international boundary symbol, except that the second dash is offset by half the dash size so that the second dash is centred between, and perpendicular to, the first and third dashes.

The pattern begins with a dash and a blank so that the half dash allows for proper corners. The right-hand version of this pattern is identical except that the offset of the second dash is negative.

EXAMPLE15    0 Symbolization example 15     BK N DR 03 05   13

EXAMPLE15   L0 DNx.03,BNx.03,DNx.03 (DNx.03/ROT90/OFF.015,

EXAMPLE15   L1 DNx.03,BNx.03,DNx.03,) DNx.01

Example 16 includes a repeating sub-pattern. This is similar to example 15, except that the dashes used to create the T-shape are enclosed in square parentheses to indicate they are part of a sub-pattern which is to be repeated 2 times.

The pattern begins with a dash, a blank and another dash to allow for half dashing. A repeating sub-pattern of two T- shapes is then produced, followed by a third T-shape created separately. This is done to accommodate the symbols and to guarantee that the final pattern is a mirror image of the beginning pattern.

After the third T-shape, the current symbol is changed to KMPAB. A blank of fixed length is inserted followed by a blank in which to place the symbol (SYM). The symbol is rotated -360 degrees to ensure that the symbol is always vertical to the base of the map. The remainder of the pattern definition is a repeating sub-pattern of the T-shape, except that two rather than three T-shapes are generated. The right-hand version of this feature has a negative offset.

EXAMPLE16    0 Symbolization example 16 BK N DR 03 05      13

EXAMPLE16   L0 DNx.03,BNx.03,DNx.03 ([2;DNx.03/ROT90/OFF.015,

EXAMPLE16   L1 DNx.03,BNx.03,DNx.03],DNx.03/ROT90/OFF.015,

EXAMPLE16   L2 DNx.03,KMPAB,BFx.05,BFx.14,SYM/Rot-360,BFx.05

EXAMPLE16   L3 DNx.03,[2;DNx.03/ROT90/OFF.015,DNx.03,BNx.03,

EXAMPLE16   L4 DNx.03]) DNx.01

Example 17 (a bent arrow) contains:

• no beginning pattern

• a repeat pattern which includes an arrow offset by .05 inches, and a normalized blank

The arrow is generated from three digitized points with a width specified by the /OFF qualifier. The blank in the repeat pattern sets the length of the arrow. The width and length of the arrowhead are scaled in relation to the shaft width.

Bent and curved arrows are generated using the AR2 and AR3 pattern commands, respectively.

EXAMPLE17    0 Symbolization example 17 BK N DR 03 05        13

EXAMPLE17   L0 (AR2/OFF.05,BNx.001) DNx.01

Example 18 (arrow feathered on both sides) contains:

• LEX - ensures that symbolized line segments are at least .5 inches in length

• KAF - changes the current symbol to that with symbol id AF (an arrowhead)

• DFX.03,SYM - places an arrowhead symbol at the midpoint of a fixed dash

• DFX.34 - places a dash .34 inches in length representing the shaft of the arrow

• [5; - the beginning of a repeating sub-pattern which will be repeated 5 times

• DFX.02,DFX.04/ROT45/OFF.015/LWT.005 - places a dash which is both rotated and offset, representing the upper part of the feather; the line weight for the feather is set to .005 inches

• DFX.04/ROT315/OFF-.015/LWT.005] - places a dash representing the lower part of the feather; this completes the repeating sub-pattern

• (BNX.001) - the repeat pattern is a blank with length .001 inches, which blanks out the rest of the line segment (DIS can be also be used to achieve this).

EXAMPLE18    0 Symbolization example 18 BK N DR 03 05       13

EXAMPLE18   L0 LEX.5,KARROW,SYO/ROT180,DFx.34,

EXAMPLE18   L1 [5;DFx.02,DFx.04/ROT45/OFF.015/LWT.005,

EXAMPLE18   L2 DFx.04/ROT315/OFF-.015/LWT.005],(BNx.001) DNx.01

The scalloped line uses the following line pattern definition:

• TOL99.9 - used to eliminate all significant points

• KSC - changes the symbol ID to SC

• BNX.048 - leaves a blank .048 inches in length, which can be normalized

The repeat and short patterns are identical to the beginning pattern, except the symbol change command is not included.

EXAMPLE19    0 Symbolization example 20 BK N DR 03 05      13

EXAMPLE19   L0 TOL99.9 KOP,BNx.048,SYE (BNx.048,SYE) BNx.048,SYE

Example 20 uses the /UPR qualifier, which causes the symbol to be upright with respect to the bottom of the map

EXAMPLE20    0 Symbolization example 21      BK N DR 03 05   13

EXAMPLE20   L0 TOL999,DNX.05 KW124,

EXAMPLE20   L1 (BNX.025,SYO/UPR/SIZ-2,BNX.025,DNX.05)