The Properties window contains information and display settings for a layer. Properties that can be changed are black. Read-only information is grey.
When a layer is selected, properties that can be applied to the layer are displayed:

Each layer type has its own properties and different properties are provided for different data formats.
Many properties may also be available as options (see Options), which are applied to all layers. Changes to layer properties made in the Properties window will affect only the selected layer and only for the current session (unless a session is saved and reopened).
You can copy or save the contents of the Properties window using the pop-up menu.